Visible light assisted photocatalytic degradation of textile dye using Ag/ZnO doped g-C3N4 synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted Co-precipitation method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1683672Keywords:
Graphitic carbon nitride, photocatalytic oxidation, dye removal, ultrasound irradiation, Telon Red A2R, response surface methodologyAbstract
Dyes cause environmental pollution and can be toxic to organisms. For these reasons, the removal of dyes gains importance. Photocatalytic treatment methods can effectively treat dyes with their superior advantages. This study aimed to investigate the removal of Telon Red A2R, used in carpet production, by photocatalytic oxidation with a silver and zinc oxide-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Ag/ZnO/g-C3N4) photocatalyst under visible light. A total of nine photocatalysts with different Ag-to-ZnO ratios were synthesized. In the study, the most suitable photocatalystand operating conditions for effective dye removal were determined using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD), and optimization was achieved. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor, and the effects of factors including photocatalyst concentration, ZnO, and Ag percentages in the catalyst and reaction time on dyestuff removal were investigated. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The most suitable catalyst and working conditions are a photocatalyst concentration of 0.95 g/L, a zinc oxide (ZnO) percentage of 115%, a silver (Ag) percentage of 11.5% (0.1Ag/ZnO/g-C3N4, and a reaction time of 2.5 hours. The dye removal efficiency with a 20 mg/L influent concentration is 78%. Photocatalyst concentration and Ag percentages had the highest and lowest effects on dye removal, respectively. Supporting the co-precipitation method with ultrasound in photocatalyst synthesis increases the photocatalyst efficiency.
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