Methods for treating groundwater contaminated with cadmium using permeable reactive barriers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1591464Keywords:
Cadmium, groundwater, heavy metals, PRB, reactive materialsAbstract
Cadmium removal is a critical issue in water bodies and groundwater, with conventional methods often requiring disposal or secondary contamination. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are proposed as an alternative, low-cost, and efficient method for removing cadmium from water. These systems use reactive materials like granular zerovalent iron, hydrated lime, and zero-valent iron granulated volcanic tufo to reduce cadmium concentration in groundwater. However, their effectiveness depends on hydraulic conductivity, reactivity, and availability. PRBs can provide safe treatment for decades under unchanged groundwater and contamination conditions. However, challenges such as long-term performance, maintenance, and reactivity alteration of the PRB material remain.
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