Influence of highway transportation on environment: A state of art
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1633795Keywords:
Ecosystem, environmental, greenhouse gas emission, highway, socio-culture, sustainabilityAbstract
Highway transportation plays a critical role in supporting economic activity, regional connectivity, and social integration. However, its environmental consequences -primarily stemming from fossil fuel consumption- raise significant concerns regarding sustainability. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impacts of highway transportation in Turkey by integrating global literature, national statistical data, and a qualitative SWOT analysis framework. The research focuses on five key environmental dimensions: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air and noise pollution, land-use change, biodiversity loss, and public health effects.
Findings reveal that over 89% of freight and 91% of passenger transport in Turkey occurs via highways, contributing to disproportionate levels of emissions and environmental degradation. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), road transport accounted for 73.2% of total transport-related GHG emissions in the EU in 2021, a trend mirrored in Turkey. Diesel vehicle prevalence, noise levels exceeding WHO thresholds in urban areas, and fragmentation of ecological habitats are highlighted as critical issues.
The SWOT analysis identified major weaknesses—such as habitat disruption and traffic-induced pollution—alongside opportunities for sustainable transformation via electrified vehicles, green infrastructure, and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Based on these findings, the study proposes actionable policy recommendations, including emission-based taxation, alternative fuel incentives, investment in low-carbon mobility systems, and ecological conservation in infrastructure planning.
By offering an integrated, data-driven, and region-specific assessment, this study contributes to the global discourse on sustainable transportation and supports evidence-based policymaking in emerging economies.
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